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Purpose of Staircase Pressurization

  • Smoke Control:
    Maintains a higher air pressure inside the stairwell compared to adjacent areas, preventing smoke infiltration and providing a safe evacuation route during a fire.
  • Fire Compartmentation:
    - Helps isolate the stairwell as a fire compartment, limiting the spread of fire and smoke to other parts of the building.

Key Components

  • Pressurization Fans:
    Installed at the top and/or bottom of the stairwell, these fans supply air to maintain positive pressure inside the stairwell.
  • Pressure Relief Vents:
    Located near the top of the stairwell, these vents release excess pressure and allow for the controlled discharge of air to adjacent areas.
  • Control System:
    - Monitors pressure levels, activates fans as needed, and integrates with fire detection and alarm systems to initiate pressurization during a fire event.

Design Considerations

  • Airflow Requirements:
    Calculating the required airflow rate based on the size, configuration, and occupancy of the stairwell to maintain adequate pressure levels.
  • Sealing and Integrity:
    Ensuring the stairwell is adequately sealed to prevent air leakage and maintain pressure integrity.
  • Emergency Power:
    Providing backup power sources for pressurization fans and control systems to ensure continuous operation during power outages.

Operation and Maintenance

  • Regular Testing:
    Conducting periodic tests and inspections to verify the performance and functionality of the pressurization system.
  • Maintenance:
    Performing routine maintenance tasks such as fan inspections, filter replacements, and control system checks to ensure reliable operation.
  • Training:
    - Training building occupants and emergency responders on the proper use and operation of the pressurization system during fire emergencies.