Purpose of Staircase Pressurization
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Smoke Control:
Maintains a higher air pressure inside the stairwell compared to adjacent areas, preventing
smoke infiltration and providing a safe evacuation route during a fire.
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Fire Compartmentation:
- Helps isolate the stairwell as a fire compartment, limiting
the spread of fire and smoke to other parts of the building.
Key Components
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Pressurization Fans:
Installed at the top and/or bottom of the stairwell, these fans
supply air to maintain positive pressure inside the stairwell.
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Pressure Relief Vents:
Located near the top of the stairwell, these vents release
excess pressure and allow for the controlled discharge of air to adjacent areas.
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Control System:
- Monitors pressure levels, activates fans as needed, and integrates
with fire detection and alarm systems to initiate pressurization during a fire event.
Design Considerations
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Airflow Requirements:
Calculating the required airflow rate based on the size,
configuration, and occupancy of the stairwell to maintain adequate pressure levels.
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Sealing and Integrity:
Ensuring the stairwell is adequately sealed to prevent air
leakage and maintain pressure integrity.
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Emergency Power:
Providing backup power sources for pressurization fans and control
systems to ensure continuous operation during power outages.
Operation and Maintenance
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Regular Testing:
Conducting periodic tests and inspections to verify the performance
and functionality of the pressurization system.
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Maintenance:
Performing routine maintenance tasks such as fan inspections, filter
replacements, and control system checks to ensure reliable operation.
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Training:
- Training building occupants and emergency responders on the proper use and
operation of the pressurization system during fire emergencies.